1. Where was Rome founded?
2. What were the advantages of Rome location geographically?
3. How was Rome governed?
4. What were the twelve tables of Rome?
5. What was a Roman dictator?
Do Now: 2
1. Who was considered a Roman citizen?
2. What was a Roman legion?
3. How did Rome spread it's power?
4. What is a Civil War ? (The Roman Empire - worksheet)
5. How did Caesar's rule lead to the end of the Republic?
Do Now: 3
1. What was the Pax Romana?
2. How were the people of the empire employed?
3. Who were the slaves and what did they do for work?
The Roman Republic
The early Romans establish a republic, which grows powerful and spreads its influence.
The Roman Republic The Origins of Rome
Rome’s Geography
• Site of Rome chosen for its fertile soil and strategic location
• Located on Italian peninsula in center of Mediterranean Sea
• Built on seven hills on Tiber River
The First Romans
• Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans compete for control of region
• Latins found original settlement of Rome between 1000 and 500 B.C.
• Etruscans native to northern Italy; influence Roman civilization
The Early Republic Early Rulers
• Around 600 B.C., Etruscan kings begin to rule Rome
• Kings build Rome’s first temples and public centers
• Romans overthrow cruel Etruscan king in 509 B.C.
• Romans found a republic—government in which citizens elect leaders
Patricians and Plebeians
• Different groups struggle for power in early Roman Republic
• Patricians—wealthy landowning class that holds most of the power
• Plebeians—artisans, merchants, and farmers; can vote, can’t rule
• Tribunes—elected representatives protect plebeians’ political rights
Twelve Tables
• In 451 B.C. officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets
• Called Twelve Tables, they become basis for later Roman law
• Laws confirm right of all free citizens to protection of the law
• Citizenship is limited to adult male landowners
• Twelve Tables are hung in the Forum
Government Under the Republic
• Rome elects two consuls—one to lead army, one to direct government
• Senate—chosen from Roman upper class; makes foreign, domestic policy
• Democratic assemblies elect tribunes, make laws for common people
• Dictators are leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis
The Roman Army
• Roman legion—military unit of 5,000 infantry; supported by cavalry
• Army is powerful; key factor in Rome’s rise to greatness
Rome Spreads Its Power -Rome Conquers Italy
• Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south
• By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula
• Conquered peoples treated justly; this enables Rome to grow
Rome’s Commercial Network
• Rome establishes large trading network
• Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes
• Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome
War with Carthage
• Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars—three wars between 264–146 B.C.
• Rome defeats Carthage, wins Sicily, in first 23-year war
• Hannibal—Carthaginian general—avenges defeat in Second Punic War
• Attacks Italy through Spain and France, doesn’t take Rome
Rome Triumphs
• Roman general Scipio defeats Hannibal in 202 B.C.
• Rome destroys Carthage, enslaves people in last war (149–146 B.C.)
The early Romans establish a republic, which grows powerful and spreads its influence.
The Roman Republic The Origins of Rome
Rome’s Geography
• Site of Rome chosen for its fertile soil and strategic location
• Located on Italian peninsula in center of Mediterranean Sea
• Built on seven hills on Tiber River
The First Romans
• Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans compete for control of region
• Latins found original settlement of Rome between 1000 and 500 B.C.
• Etruscans native to northern Italy; influence Roman civilization
The Early Republic Early Rulers
• Around 600 B.C., Etruscan kings begin to rule Rome
• Kings build Rome’s first temples and public centers
• Romans overthrow cruel Etruscan king in 509 B.C.
• Romans found a republic—government in which citizens elect leaders
Patricians and Plebeians
• Different groups struggle for power in early Roman Republic
• Patricians—wealthy landowning class that holds most of the power
• Plebeians—artisans, merchants, and farmers; can vote, can’t rule
• Tribunes—elected representatives protect plebeians’ political rights
Twelve Tables
• In 451 B.C. officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets
• Called Twelve Tables, they become basis for later Roman law
• Laws confirm right of all free citizens to protection of the law
• Citizenship is limited to adult male landowners
• Twelve Tables are hung in the Forum
Government Under the Republic
• Rome elects two consuls—one to lead army, one to direct government
• Senate—chosen from Roman upper class; makes foreign, domestic policy
• Democratic assemblies elect tribunes, make laws for common people
• Dictators are leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis
The Roman Army
• Roman legion—military unit of 5,000 infantry; supported by cavalry
• Army is powerful; key factor in Rome’s rise to greatness
Rome Spreads Its Power -Rome Conquers Italy
• Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south
• By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula
• Conquered peoples treated justly; this enables Rome to grow
Rome’s Commercial Network
• Rome establishes large trading network
• Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes
• Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome
War with Carthage
• Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars—three wars between 264–146 B.C.
• Rome defeats Carthage, wins Sicily, in first 23-year war
• Hannibal—Carthaginian general—avenges defeat in Second Punic War
• Attacks Italy through Spain and France, doesn’t take Rome
Rome Triumphs
• Roman general Scipio defeats Hannibal in 202 B.C.
• Rome destroys Carthage, enslaves people in last war (149–146 B.C.)
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